Textile and Apparel Manufacturer

ISO 9001:2015 specifies requirements for a quality management system when an organization:

a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and

b) aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

All the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 are generic and are intended to be applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides.

ISO 14001:2015 specifies the requirements for an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance. ISO 14001:2015 is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability.

ISO 14001:2015 helps an organization achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental management system, which provide value for the environment, the organization itself and interested parties. Consistent with the organization's environmental policy, the intended outcomes of an environmental management system include:

· enhancement of environmental performance;

· fulfilment of compliance obligations;

· achievement of environmental objectives.

ISO 14001:2015 is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective.

ISO 45001:2018 specifies requirements for an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, and gives guidance for its use, to enable organizations to provide safe and healthy workplaces by preventing work-related injury and ill health, as well as by proactively improving its OH&S performance.

ISO 45001:2018 is applicable to any organization that wishes to establish, implement and maintain an OH&S management system to improve occupational health and safety, eliminate hazards and minimize OH&S risks (including system deficiencies), take advantage of OH&S opportunities, and address OH&S management system nonconformities associated with its activities.

ISO 45001:2018 helps an organization to achieve the intended outcomes of its OH&S management system. Consistent with the organization's OH&S policy, the intended outcomes of an OH&S management system include:

a) continual improvement of OH&S performance;

b) fulfilment of legal requirements and other requirements;

c) achievement of OH&S objectives.

ISO 45001:2018 is applicable to any organization regardless of its size, type and activities. It is applicable to the OH&S risks under the organization's control, taking into account factors such as the context in which the organization operates and the needs and expectations of its workers and other interested parties.

ISO 45001:2018 does not state specific criteria for OH&S performance, nor is it prescriptive about the design of an OH&S management system.

ISO 45001:2018 enables an organization, through its OH&S management system, to integrate other aspects of health and safety, such as worker wellness/wellbeing.

ISO 45001:2018 does not address issues such as product safety, property damage or environmental impacts, beyond the risks to workers and other relevant interested parties.

ISO 45001:2018 can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve occupational health and safety management.

This document specifies a gravimetric method and a vibroscope method for the determination of the linear density of textile fibres applicable respectively to:

a) bundles of fibres;

b) individual fibres.

Useful data can be obtained on man-made fibres and, with less precision, on natural fibres.

This document only applies to fibres which can be kept straight and, in the case of bundles, parallel, during test preparation. It is properly applicable when the fibres are readily freed of crimp. The methods in this document are not applicable to tapered fibres.

The vibroscope method is not always applicable to hollow and flat (ribbon-like) fibres.

ISO 2061:2015 specifies a method for the determination of the direction of twist in yarns, the amount of twist, in terms of turns per unit length, and the change in length on untwisting, by the direct counting method.

This International Standard is applicable to

a) single yarns (spun and filament),

b) plied yarns, and

c) cabled yarns.

Separate procedures are given for each type of yarn. The method is designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, the procedures can be used for yarns taken from fabrics. It is not suitable for the determination of twist in a monofilament.

NOTE See also ISO 1890, which was prepared especially for the needs of glass textile technology, and ISO 7211‑4.

ISO 2061:2015 covers the determination of twist in plied and cabled yarns as follows:

a) in plied yarns: the final twist of the plied yarns and the original twist of the single yarn before plying;

b) in cabled yarns:

• ?

ISO 105-B02:2014 specifies a method intended for determining the effect on the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of an artificial light source representative of natural daylight (D65). The method is also applicable to white (bleached or optically brightened) textiles.

This method allows the use of two different sets of blue wool references. The results from the two different sets of references may not be identical.

This document specifies a method intended for determining the effect on the colour of textiles of all kinds, except loose fibres, to the action of weather as determined by exposure to simulated weathering conditions in a test chamber equipped with a xenon arc lamp. This document focuses on textiles (such as apparel) where the main evaluation criterium is the colour fastness.

This method can be used to determine if a textile is sensitive to the combined effect of light and water.

NOTE 1        General information on colour fastness to light is given in Annex A.

NOTE 2        ISO 105-B10 provides guidance on testing textiles or technical textiles, which are permanently exposed to an outdoor environment and/or require mechanical testing (such as tensile strength determination).

This document describes a method, using capacitance measuring equipment, for determining the unevenness of linear density along the length of textile strands.

The method is applicable to tops, slivers, rovings, spun yarns and continuous filament yarns, made from either natural or man-made fibres, in the range of 4 tex (g/km) to 80 ktex (kg/km) for staple-fibre strands and 1 tex(g/km) to 600 tex (g/km) for continuous-filament yarns. It is not applicable to fancy yarns or to strands composed fully or partly of conductive materials such as metals; the latter requires an optical sensor (see A.4), and to raw silk filaments which are tested according to a specific standard.

The method describes the preparation of a variance-length curve, as well as the determination of periodicities of linear density. It also covers the counting of imperfections in the yarn, namely of neps and of thick and thin places.

ISO 16373-1:2015 gives the definition of the colourant classes and the relationship to textile fibres.

It describes some procedures to identify qualitatively the colourant class used in textile material.

ISO 16373-2:2014 specifies the analyses used to detect extractable dyestuffs in textile products, with the extraction performed for all kind of fibres and types of dyestuffs using pyridine/water (1:1). It lists the allergenic and carcinogenic dyestuffs which can be analysed using this method; the lists of dyestuffs are expandable.

ISO 17881-2:2016 specifies a test method for determining some phosphorous flame retardants in textiles by high performance liquid chromatography ? tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

The method is applicable to all kinds of textile products.

NOTE For tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphineoxide (TEPA), only unbonded TEPA is extractable.

This document specifies the method for the determination of extractable alkylphenols (AP) without derivatization step in textile and textile products.

ISO 15496:2018 describes a comparatively simple method for testing the water vapour permeability of textiles that will provide the manufacturer with a clearly recognized method for quality control within the plant.

The simple test method described in this document is not applicable for classifying the water vapour resistance of textiles against values relating to physiological effects specified in product standards, and particularly not those relating to personal protective equipment.

The method can be used for quality control but has some limitation in relation to ISO 11092, which gives a more comprehensive and relevant result for evaluation of water vapour penetration. Annex A provides further explanation of applicability.

ISO 15496:2018 cannot be used to compare results to other "dry dessicant" methods as they will not correlate. An explanation of the reasons can be found in Annex C.

ISO 15797:2017 specifies test procedures and equipment which can be used in the evaluation of workwear (including, where appropriate, for some PPE garments) intended to be industrially laundered. They serve as a basis for testing relevant properties such as dimensional stability, colour characteristics, creasing, seam puckering, pilling and visual aspects in general.

ISO 15797:2017 does not provide instructions and specifications for the procedures and equipment to be used by industrial launderers.

As it is often not practical to reproduce industrial laundry processes (washing and drying/finishing) in a laboratory setting, this document provides an approach using defined intermediate scale equipment and exacting test procedures which can be used for the evaluation of workwear intended to be laundered industrially.

As ISO 15797:2017 reflects a simulation of real-life industrial laundry conditions, in some cases, testing of the workwear in the actual industrial laundering equipment and processes intended to be used is advisable when finally determining product and process compatibility.

It is not necessary to test using all eight washing procedures nor both drying procedures. A selection is made of the washing and drying procedure(s) that are best suited to the characteristics of the fabric or fabric composition and the intended use.

ISO 18074:2015 specifies a testing method for DNA analysis of some animal fibres to identify cashmere, wool, yak, and their blends by using extraction, amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and DNA detection processes.

ISO 18084:2015 is applicable to cashmere, yak, and wool and their blends as a qualitative method.

ISO 18066:2015 specifies a test method for the determination of the boiling water shrinkage of non-textured and textured multifilament yarns (made of polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, cellulose fibre, etc.)

Only automatic method is specified in this International Standard.

This International Standard is applicable to manmade filament yarns of linear density less than 3 000 dtex.

This International Standard is not applicable to partially oriented yarns.

ISO 17075-1:2017 specifies a method for determining chromium(VI) in solutions leached from leather under defined conditions. The method described is suitable to quantify the chromium(VI) content in leathers down to 3 mg/kg.

ISO 17075-1:2017 is applicable to all leather types.

The results obtained from this method are strictly dependent on the extraction conditions. Results obtained by using other extraction procedures (extraction solution, pH, extraction time, etc.) are not comparable with the results produced by the procedure described in this document.

If a leather sample is tested with both this document and ISO 17075-2, the results obtained with ISO 17075-2 are considered as the reference.

This document specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an energy management system (EnMS). The intended outcome is to enable an organization to follow a systematic approach in achieving continual improvement of energy performance and the EnMS.

This document:

a) is applicable to any organization regardless of its type, size, complexity, geographical location, organizational culture or the products and services it provides;

b) is applicable to activities affecting energy performance that are managed and controlled by the organization;

c) is applicable irrespective of the quantity, use, or types of energy consumed;

d) requires demonstration of continual energy performance improvement, but does not define levels of energy performance improvement to be achieved;

e) can be used independently, or be aligned or integrated with other management systems.

Annex A provides guidance for the use of this document. Annex B provides a comparison of this edition with the previous edition.

ISO 3175-4:2018 specifies simulated professional wetcleaning procedures, using a reference machine for fabrics and garments. It is intended for fabrics and garments that cannot be washed and need professional finishing. It comprises a normal process for normal materials, a mild process for sensitive materials and a very mild process for very sensitive materials.

Localized staining and stain removal fall outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies common methods for the quantitative microscopical analysis of various mixtures of fibres. The methods described are based on the use of a light microscope (LM) or a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), on the measurements of the fibre apparent diameter (preparation of longitudinal views) or on the measurements of fibre section area (preparation of cross views), depending on the section shape of the fibres.

NOTE 1 When the section shape is circular or almost circular, the longitudinal views are appropriate. For the other section shapes, the cross views are adequate and Annex A lists conventional density of fibres to be used for the calculation of the mass percentage of the components.

ISO 18080-1:2015 specifies a test method using corona charging with measurement of the impressed peak voltage and charge decay time on specimens of fabric or all types of composition and construction.

The test methods described may not be suitable for evaluating garments and garment materials in relation to safety of personnel and protection of electrostatic discharge sensitive devices.

ISO 18080-2:2015 specifies a test method using rotary mechanical friction with measurement of the friction-charged electrostatic potential on specimens of fabric. The test method is suitable for fabrics of all types of composition and construction that are capable of withstanding frictional charging.

Some fabrics, e.g. fabrics of low strength or loose construction, may not be physically capable of withstanding the mechanical friction used in this test method or may give false results.